A growing chorus of tech workers in the United States is urging the government to terminate the Optional Practical Training (OPT) program, which allows international students to work temporarily in the country after graduation. Critics argue that the program, often seen as a gateway to H-1B work visas, has contributed to job losses for American graduates, igniting heated debates ahead of President-elect Donald Trump’s inauguration.
The controversy centers on claims that the program, which primarily benefits international students from countries like India, gives foreign workers an unfair edge over domestic talent in the job market. According to advocacy group US Tech Workers, universities are “selling work permits instead of education,” leading to widespread dissatisfaction among American workers.
The Optional Practical Training program enables international students on F-1 visas to work in the U.S. for up to 12 months after completing their studies. For graduates in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) fields, this period can be extended by an additional 24 months. With nearly 97,556 Indian students enrolled in the program this academic year—a significant increase from the previous year—the OPT program has become a critical pathway for many seeking H-1B visas and long-term employment in the U.S.
However, US Tech Workers views the program as a threat to American jobs. Describing it as a “guest worker program masquerading as an internship,” the group has called for its immediate termination. They liken it to the Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA) program, alleging that both were created “illegally” and undermine the rights of American workers.
While the program faces criticism, it also has powerful advocates. Figures such as Donald Trump, Elon Musk, and Vivek Ramaswamy have defended the OPT program, arguing that it is essential for addressing the talent gap in sectors like engineering and technology. These proponents assert that programs like OPT and H-1B are indispensable for maintaining the United States’ competitive edge in high-tech industries, where skilled labor shortages persist.
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Supporters further emphasize that the OPT program plays a vital role in attracting global talent to the U.S., particularly in STEM fields. They argue that limiting opportunities for international students could weaken the country’s position as a hub for innovation and technological advancement.
Legal and Political Challenges
The OPT program has faced its share of legal hurdles. In 2023, the Washington Alliance of Technology Workers (WashTech) challenged the program in court, claiming it unfairly disadvantages American workers, especially in STEM fields.
However, the U.S. Supreme Court declined to review the case, allowing the program to continue.
The debate over OPT has intensified since its expansion under the Obama administration, which extended the STEM work period from 29 months to 36 months. Critics view this change as a loophole that disproportionately benefits foreign students, while supporters argue it is a necessary adjustment to meet workforce demands in critical industries.
The Broader Implications
As immigration and labor market policies take center stage in political discussions, the future of the OPT program remains uncertain. While it provides invaluable opportunities for international students, critics contend that it puts American graduates at a disadvantage, particularly in an already competitive job market.
For now, the OPT program continues to be a focal point in debates over immigration reform, skilled labor, and economic priorities, with both sides fiercely advocating their positions. Whether the program will endure or face significant changes remains to be seen as the incoming administration shapes its policies.